Maliyya Kalender
| 1 | Muharram | 7 | Rajab | 1 | Adar | 7 | Aylul | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | Safar | 8 | Sha'ban | 2 | Nisan | 8 | Tishrin I | |
| 3 | Rabi' I | 9 | Ramadan | 3 | Iyar | 9 | Tishrin II | |
| 4 | Rabi' II | 10 | Shawwal | 4 | Haziran | 10 | Kanun I | |
| 5 | Jumada I | 11 | Dhu'l-Qa'dah | 5 | Tammuz | 11 | Kanun II | |
| 6 | Jumada II | 12 | Dhu'l-Hijja | 6 | Ab | 12 | Shubat |
The Maliyya (or Maliyye, Maliye) calendar became the official calendar in the Ottoman Empire by order of Selim III in 1789 A.D., but it was already in use since 1677 A. D. It is based on the Julian Calendar concerning the lenghts of the months and the leap years. The beginning of the year was the 1st of Adar (corresponding to 1st of March in the Julian calendar). At the beginning of each year the number of the year was chosen to be identical to the year of the traditional Hijri calendar at this day. Therefore after approximatly 32 years a jump in the number of the year occured (e. g. after 1220 followed 1222 and after 1254 followed 1256). This rule was broken in 1888 A.D. when it was decided to continue the sequence of years without a gap. Therefore in the following period until the abrogation of the Maliyya calendar in 1917 there is a difference in the number of the years in the Maliyya and the Islamic calendar of up to three. In addition to the Gregorian Calendar, the Julian calendar ist provided for didactic reasons, or eventually for the conversion of historical Julian dates (e.g. form Protestant countries of from Russia).
The conversion program follows the tables of Joachim Mayr in "Die Geschichtsschreiber der Osmanen und ihre Werke" by Franz Babinger (Leipzig 1927) pp. 417-430, and in addition it covers the earlier period from 1677 to 1789 A.D. not provided by Mayr. This is a preliminary version that still has to be tested. You use it at your risk! Please report any errors to the author Johannes Thomann. Make sure that JavaScript is turned on in your webbrowser, otherwise it will not work. Please, feel free to download this page to your computer, in order to use it offline! It needs no external resources and should run in any webbrowser that can interpret JavaScript in any operating system.
Example: "12th Dhu'l-Qa'dah 1314 and 2th Nisan 1313" (from a document of the "Nizarat-i awqaf-i humayun"). Both dates correspond to April 14th, 1897 A. D.
Remark: The conversion of the Islamic Dates is only approximative and the calculated Christian date can differ from the true date by one or two days. Give attention to the day of the week, if it is given in your source, and change the converted Christian Date accordingly!
This code has been modified last on March 19th 2005
© J. Thomann 2005